Formulation of low clinker blended cements and concrete with enhanced fresh and hardened properties

Blended cements appear as the most promising way to massively produce with reduced environmental footprints. However, considering generally lower early mechanical performance of highly blended cements, chemical admixtures are increasingly relied upon increase strength. in many cases this can negatively impact other properties rheology and durability. This paper proposes an approach formulate low clinker concrete using moderate alkali activation or gypsum enhance long-term compressive strength, without inducing excessive alkali-silica reaction (ASR) expansion. It examines containing burnt oil shale along limestone fly ash slag supplementary cementitious materials. optimizes combination polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers strength enhancers. Along use Ca(NO3)2 drive PCE adsorption, provides good control, increased well acceptable ASR expansion only 50% clinker.